Game: Online Games Online Essay

Nowadays, online games are famous. People prefer to play online games during their leisure time. They are attracted by high resolution of graphic, story plots, and accessibility of the games. These features would definitely amuse them. But, there are lots of disadvantages of online games. Playing online games is a waste if time, You may say, â€Å"Playing online games is an entertainment. † Yes, I agree with you, but, most of the online gamers would spend a plenty of time in playing online games. Sometime, they are playing the games while they are working. They are wasting their time, aren’t they? Their productivity would decrease. Some students may skip their class and go to cybercafe to play online games too. They are supposed to go to school, but they don’t do so. They waste their money to play online games. Most online games are free to be played. But, gamers could buy virtual equipments and items that only can be used in the games. Their characters in the games would be stronger with these items. Beside that, if they play online games in cybercafe, they have to pay the charge for internet services. Playing online games may harm your health. According to an investigation, more and more teenagers have short-sightedness. It is the consequence of playing online games for a long time. In addition, it is also very harmful to your backbones. Online games are harmful to brain development, cause children neglect reading, and encourage violent behaviour. Health is wealth. We mustn’t play online games for long time to avoid health problems. Online gamers would have less time to communicate with friends and family members. Even though some online games allow you to chat with other gamers, it is simply not the same as we communicate with others when we are doing sport activities. Gamers may have anti-social behaviour. In conclusion, online games can alter the way people spend their leisure time positively or negatively. The gamers ought to have enough self control. Being fully aware of the benefits and drawbacks of online games, the gamers can maximize their advantages and avoid the addiction. 1. The Disadvantages of Playing Online Games Thanks for the Internet’s help; people can deal with things much more efficiently. For instance, sending E-mail to other countries for business, auctioning off anything which they do not need anymore, and searching for the information, and so on. There are too many functions of the Internet to count clearly at a time. However, there is one of the functions of the Internet—–Playing online games. I believe that most people have played them, especially children or teenagers. They enjoy playing online games very much. Online games offer not only entertainment but also visual effect. Most parents object their children to play online games, because they are afraid that children will be addicted to it. Actually yes, being addicted to online games may cause many terrible things. The first one, it will affect your learning attitude. Once you played overhead, you would have to skip the class or be unable to concentrate on your studies. Second, it may affect your relationship. At this time, the relationship between you and your family or friends must get worse. You do not have the same topics o chat with each other. Third, the most important one, it may harm your health. According to investigation, there are more and more teenagers wearing glasses. It is the consequence of playing online games for a very long time. Besides, it is also very harmful for your backbones. Seriously, it can cause many terrible diseases. As a result, it is important to control the time on playing online games. 2. Disadvantages of Online Games †Online games offer not only entertainment but also visual effect. Most parents object their children to play online games, because they are afraid that children will be addicted to it. Actually yes, being addicted to online games may cause many terrible things. The first one, it will affect your learning attitude. Once you played overhead, you would have to skip the class or be unable to concentrate on your studies. Second, it may affect your relationship. At this time, the relationship between you and your family or friends must get worse. You do not have the same topics o chat with each other. Third, the most important one, it may harm your health. According to investigation, there are more and more teenagers wearing glasses. It is the consequence of playing online games for a very long time. Besides, it is also very harmful for your backbones. Seriously, it can cause many terrible diseases. As a result, it is important to control the time on playing online games. † Source: http://isayenglish. blogspot.com/2010/01/disadvantages-of-playing-online-games. html Disadvantages of online educational games are: Students can become brainwashed, causing severe memory loss and students can become too reliant or addicted to online learning and not seek other sources for learning/study. Disadvantages of recreational online games are: brainwash children with result in severe memory loss and an addiction to these games can cause bad health for children, causing laziness and poor eyesight. They often contain or encourage a lot of violence in their games, especially if they are free online recreational games. 3. http://www. teach-ict. com/gcse_new/entertainment/games/miniweb/pg8. htm 4. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Gaming You don’t need me to tell you that the Internet is expanding all the time, giving users more and more information, resources and entertainment than ever before and it’s only ever going to get bigger. Thanks to this constant development, the gaming industry is able to spread its wings away from the traditional platforms – consoles and handheld computers – even those confined to history like the GameBoy – and reach new audiences around the world via the net. Many of the sites offering the chance to play game over the web require very little input from the user in terms of finance or registration, meaning you could be playing in a matter of moments. Sure, you might have to pay a small sum for access to the more recent releases or for access to gambling sites but there are still plenty of sites that offer free gaming experiences. So we all understand that the Internet offers users a wide variety of opportunities to play games, right? Cool, in that case it makes sense to discuss a few of the advantages and disadvantages of online gaming. You might be set in your ways as a PlayStation fan who loves a shoot-em up, or you might be just finding your feet on the web playing a classic game and looking to broaden your horizons. Here are three of each to help you decide whether or not you make the move online: Advantages The first major advantage to any game that utilizes the Internet – either played on a PC or Mac, or using a tablet or smartphone – is that they are regularly refreshed and updated, with any bugs fixed quickly. As any gamer who uses â€Å"apps† on their phone or tablet will know, there are always new updates being released and this can help you to play more levels or play more smoothly. With a console, however, you can only play the game you’ve bought in whatever condition and once you reach the end, that’s the end! Online the possibilities are endless. Also, PCs and Macs are known for their high quality displays making for a much better gaming experience. Playing any game – no matter how new or how good – on a television hooked up to a console is dependent entirely on the quality of the television. But with computer monitors, you get much higher resolutions than the majority of household or bedroom televisions. You also get the variety of genres online. With a console game that you have to pay for in-store, you never really know what you’re getting until you get it out and play and you may realise it’s not for you. Disaster. Playing online, however, if you don’t like the game you’re on you just close the window and find another game, genre or site until you find one. It also offers you the chance to try new games – especially on free sites – that you may not have considered for the console. Disadvantages Unfortunately some of the most high-end gaming computers are very expensive and out of the price range of many gamers. Unless you have the money to spend, you may have to resort to using a standard PC and upgrade where possible. The size of the processor or your broadband connection may also cause you several issues relating to your gaming experience. If you live in a rural area, for instance, you might find that your Internet speed is very slow meaning that the gameplay isn’t as smooth as it could be; and the size of your processor could also play havoc with the speed causing the game to buffer. As technology advances and your passion for gaming grows, however, you could look into better processors or computers as a whole; or, look into a different Internet package with better connectivity. Finally, games played on a PC are often much more complicated than console alternatives. When you have to use several keys at once, and click the mouse, or tap the screen just to do one job, you start to wish you were playing on a EXAMPLE 1. A tragic story happened in southern Russia, where a 14-year-old boy killed his father with a sledgehammer. This reportedly happened after the boy’s parents had taken away his keyboard as punishment after he spent a week playing computer games. â€Å"At around 1am (local time) on April 12, the suspect dealt his sleeping father at least two blows on the head with a sledgehammer,† the region’s investigative committee said, according to News. com. au. â€Å"The man died on the spot from a head injury. † After killing his father, the boy’s uninjured but frightened mother gave the keyboard back. The boy then continued to play computer games for several more hours before he fell asleep, at which point the mother contacted relatives who called the authorities. Russian law dictates that the 14-year-old boy is eligible to be charged for murder. 2. Chinese online gamer dies after three-day session Online gaming is becoming increasingly popular with young Chinese internet users A Chinese man has died after a three-day online gaming session in which he did not sleep and barely ate, reports say. The man reportedly lost consciousness at an internet cafe on the outskirts of the Chinese capital, Beijing. He was rushed to a clinic but could not be revived, the Beijing Times said. The 30-year-old man, who was not identified, was said to have spent more than 10,000 yuan ($1,500; ?928) on gaming in the month before his death. China has more than 450 million internet users, and online games – which can involve multiple users role-playing in a virtual world – are particularly popular with young men. Researchers say tens of millions of Chinese people – many of them teenagers – are addicted to internet gaming, despite curbs introduced by the authorities aimed at tackling the problem. Similar deaths have occurred in other nations. In 2005 a 28-year-old man died in South Korea after playing online games for 50 hours without a break.

Personality Case Study Essay

Personality can be defined as the characteristic ways of thinking, feeling and acting that make a person an individual (Fletcher & Garton, 2007). There are a number of different personality theories that aim to explain an individual’s personality, such as the Learning theory studied by B. F Skinner and the Trait theory studied by Cost and McCrae. By examining these personality theories in relation to a particular case study, it is possible to understand how an individual’s personality is influenced and how it develops. An example of a personality case study is that of Kate, a 20 year old university student. She is described as kind, caring and loyal and prefers watching movies and reading rather than going out to a party. Kate works hard studying psychology at university and volunteers to help children with autism. Kate has a strong relationship with her family and isn’t expected to contribute to household expenses. By examining the case study of Kate through the Learning and Trait personality theories, it is possible to have a greater understanding of Kate’s personality characteristics. The Learning theory of personality is one theory that can be used to examine an individual’s personality. One of the most influential theorists in this area was B. F Skinner who believed behaviour people think reflects personality is simply behaviour that has been learnt from past experiences with the world (Fletcher & Garton, 2007). The theorists of the learning theory basically believe that if a person’s behaviour is positively rewarded, they are more likely to repeat the action. However, if their behaviour was punished, it is less likely to happen again. This theory has been criticised for being too simplistic by not taking into account a person’s genetics and factors other than a person’s environment (such as thought processes, beliefs and motivation) that can influence their personality. Another argument is that personality consist of more than just behaviour. However, the learning theory is still a very influential personality theory and Skinner’s findings are still widely used as the basis for behaviour modification techniques. In relation to the case study of Kate, Skinner would argue that Kate’s personality and behaviour is a result of both reward and punishment as a child. For example, she works hard in her studies to achieve high results. It is possible that when she was younger, Kate’s parents rewarded her for achieving well at school or punished her for receiving a bad result. Skinner would argue that Kate demonstrates a solid work ethic because she was rewarded for similar behaviour earlier in her life. Another theory of personality that is commonly used is the Trait theory, studied by Costa and McCrae. This theory suggests there a five main dimensions of personality. These are: extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. An individual’s personality is a combination of high and low ratings in each of these dimensions. This theory claims that all these personality traits are stable and enduring. Some criticisms are that this theory isn’t specific enough as to how much of an individual’s personality is a result of genetics or environment. Also, this theory does consider unconscious thoughts and processes that may influence a person’s behaviour. The Trait theory is however a widely accepted personality theory which has been the basis for many studies and research. Costa and McCrae’s trait theory can be applied to the case study of Kate. She is described as being kind, caring and loyal. Kate also prefers watching movies and reading rather than going out. In terms of the Trait theory, Kate would be described as being introverted, conscientious, hard-working and well organised. The Trait Theory and the Learning theory are two very different understandings of personality, both with their own contributions and limitations, but both are relevant and useful when trying to understand an individual’s personality. Each theory is applicable to the case study of Kate in attempting to examine her personality type.

A History of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A History of God - Essay Example On the other hand, the term has also been applied more narrowly to mention only those religions outside the extremely large group of self-styled ‘Axial Age’ beliefs that include both the Abrahamic religions as well as the main Indian religions. In this narrower classification, Christians along with other Westerners, existing Paganism is a ‘minor and insignificant occurrence’. In accordance with a recent study, believers of Chinese folk religious conviction comprise around 7.1 percent of world population, and believers of clannish religious convictions, for an additional 5.2 percent. The amount of believers of neo paganism is unimportant in comparison, totalling to 0.04 percent world population at the most (Higginbotham & Higginbotham, p. 87). The first Gods within the world’s sacred beliefs are likely to be confined in the sense that their individuality is supported either by a particular cultic tradition, or on a particular colonized region, from fre ely circumscribed areas to cities. Archaeological along with chronological proof, in addition to ‘cognitive theorizing’, indicating towards the conclusion that the most basic types of religion cannot be supported on official set of guidelines regarding ‘counterintuitive’ truths; it is somewhat an issue of ritual traditions with no consistent explanation. Monotheism seems as a subject in â€Å"biblical manuscripts dating to the sixth century BC, representing an inner Israelite development over hundreds of years† (Higginbotham & Higginbotham. P. 76). The monotheistic dialogue can be assumed to have grown during a course directed by contemplative opinion, sustained by the intellectual association of ‘scribalism’. He argues that the significant lack of mythological components during the â€Å"later texts of the Old Testament, compared to West Semitic traditions, might be explained by the fact that the scribes responsible for the now extant biblical traditions either consciously censored older descriptions of Yahweh, or that the deletion was more like a secondary consequence of the literary processing of the traditions† (Higginbotham & Higginbotham. P. 198). The officially authorized and visionary analyses of the ‘monolatrous’ sect owes a lot to writing. Abrahamic religious convictions are the monotheistic beliefs give emphasis to and outlining their general cause to Abraham or knowing a religious custom acknowledged with Abraham. They are among the three most important divisions in relative belief, together with Indian religious convictions and ‘East Asian religions’. The three most important Abrahamic religions are ‘Judaism, Christianity, and Islam’ (Armstrong, p. 200-5). Judaism considers itself as the belief of the heirs of Jacob, the ‘grandson of Abraham’. Christianity started as a cult of Judaism during the 1st century CE and advanced into an individual re ligion with unique faiths as well as traditions, particularly its substitution of the Jewish thought of a special ethnic spiritual society with a comprehensive, worldwide society of supporters, the Christian Church. It substituted the thought of simple â€Å"monotheism with a Triune God who is simultaneously one and three. Islam was founded by Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century CE upon the teachings in the Qur'an. It retained the inclusiveness of Christianity, but reverted to simple monotheism with a central, but not divine, prophet† (Armstrong, p. 203). The three religious convict

Deja Vu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Deja Vu - Essay Example The experience of dj vu is usually accompanied by a compelling sense of familiarity, and also a sense of "eeriness", "strangeness", or "weirdness". The "previous" experience is most frequently attributed to a dream, although in some cases there is a firm sense that the experience "genuinely happened" in the past" (2008, pg. 1). Dj vu is an experience that is quite common, with 70% of people reporting experiencing it at least one time in formal studies. Past literature has also discussed dj vu, indicating that it is a rather old phenomenon. The experience is rather random, thereby making it hard to recreate in laboratory studies. Hence, research on the topic is most often conducted under states of hypnosis. The fact that the experience is hard to recreate also leads to there being little statistical research on the topic available. There are three different types of dj vu: dj vecu, dj senti, and dj visite. Deja vecu translates directly into "already lived." It is the most commonly experienced form of dj vu. "Dj vcu refers to an experience involving more than just sight, which is why labeling such "dj vu" is usually inaccurate. The sense involves a great amount of detail, sensing that everything is just as it was before and a weird knowledge of what is going to be said or happen next" (Wikipedia, 2008, pg. 2). Deja senti "primarily specifies something 'already felt.' Unlike the implied precognition of dj vcu, dj senti is primarily or even exclusively a mental happening, has no precognitive aspects, and rarely if ever remains in the afflicted person's memory afterwards" (Wikipedia, 2008, pg. 2). Deja visite "is less common and involves an uncanny knowledge of a new place. The translation is "already visited." Here one may know his or her way around in a new town or landscape while at the same time knowing that t his should not be possible" (Wikipedia, 2008, pg. 3). How Stuff Works offers an additional definition. In situations where one is learning a new topic, it is often helpful to look at the definitions provided by several sources. According to How Stuff Works, "The term deja vu is French and means, literally, "already seen." Those who have experienced the feeling describe it as an overwhelming sense of familiarity with something that shouldn't be familiar at all. Say, for example, you are traveling to England for the first time. You are touring a cathedral, and suddenly it seems as if you have been in that very spot before. Or maybe you are having dinner with a group of friends, discussing some current political topic, and you have the feeling that you've already experienced this very thing -- same friends, same dinner, same topic" (2008, pg. 1). Methods Used to Find the Answer The answers for this particular research assignment were found utilizing a search engine. The writer went to www.google.com, typed in the keywords 'dj vu' and selected resources from the hit list. Implications the Answer Has The main implication that the answer has is that this is a fairly common phenomenon that has been around a long time and, therefore, will likely remain around. It is not something to be experienced merely in the past or the

Obligations of Nurses Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Obligations of Nurses - Coursework Example Nurses are bestowed with the diverse needs of taking care of patients and handle their needs of physical support in a professional way so that the health needs of the same could be met. Based on the level of their education nurses are able to deliver better healthcare services to the patients. In the healthcare organization the responsibilities of doctors and nurses are different based on their own professional needs both are able to meet with their roles in a more effective manner (National Association for Healthcare Quality, 2011). The ranges of the diverse complexes that are evident within the system are identified to be having a certain amount of implication within the domain of having conflicts of ideas. These conflicts could lead to develop the effectiveness of the system so that the chances of complications could be reduced. Additionally, this has also been noted that as there are a number of nurses who are providing services there can be a conflict of ideas that may lead to chances and issues associated with the standard of services that are being provided.

Rise and Fall of Empires Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rise and Fall of Empires - Term Paper Example tion and elevated levels of industrialization which may make a nation attain superpower status just like that of the People’s Republic of China (Fishman 112). In this essay, our focus will be on China as an emerging superpower capable of rivaling the status of the United States driven by its exemplary economic growth and military might. From our discussion, we find that China helped by its impressive economic growth can mount a successive campaign to become an important player capable of becoming a superpower in the world affairs. This is helped by the declining power of the United States as a major player in the international arena as it faces both domestic and international problems in its economy and policies. However, we will conclude that the People’s Republic of China is incapable of becoming the absolute global superpower to rival the United States due to certain inadequacies in its systems. For instance, China has poor governance and political situations that ar e not universally acceptable while it also has inferior military as compared to the United States of America. The People’s Republic of China has continuously risen to be a serious power as seen through its tremendous economic growth and transformation in its foreign policy aimed at increasing its power and influence (Shirk 77). The nation has used its growing influence to try and have a say on how the affairs of the world are run with the sole purpose of having the world serve its mainly economic interests. Through the increase of state power of China, it is increasingly becoming capable of creating and enforcing rules and institutions aimed at pursuing its interests and security as well as that of its citizens. Part of the reason put forward for China’s rise in global affairs can be attributed to the slow changes in its regime and its dissatisfaction of the old international order led by the United States. Though the rise of China had started during the Ming Dynasty, the foresight by the

Apple, Inc Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple, Inc - Thesis Example esigning and developing innovative products in the area of mobile communication, computers, accessories, including software, services and networking solutions. The company is committed to bringing the best user experience to its customers through its innovative hardware, software, peripherals and services in the area of technology and digital communication. The vision statement gives direction to the firm and serves as motivation for the workforce to develop collective goals and achieve them through shared learning and participatory approach. Company’s mission statements clearly state its commitment to diversity. With its business interests expanded across the globe, it addresses the needs of its consumers coming from diverse background that cuts across race, culture, color and nationality. As such, it not only promotes diversity within its work environment but also strives to exploits cultural competency of its human capital to innovate and maintain its competitive advantage. It is an equal employment opportunity employer and ensures that there is no discrimination based on race, color, nationality, gender, disability etc. In fact, it is committed to ‘working with and providing reasonable accommodation to applicants with physical or mental disabilities’ (apple.com). Moreover, Affirmative action is crucial ingredient that helps managerial leadership to exploit the unique competencies of diverse workforce. Workers enjoy equal rights and opportunity, irrespective of their nativity, color, gender or race . The organization provides constant learning environment to its workers so that they are able to upgrade their skills and knowledge to meet the changing demands of the times. . The various internal initiatives comprise of in-house training and skill development programs for people coming from different background. Most importantly, management recognizes the importance of diversity and makes effort to exploit the tacit knowledge of diverse workforce to create

Anthropologists Understanding of Human Health Essay

Anthropologists Understanding of Human Health - Essay Example However, the concern of medical anthropologists is to understand how communities understood the concept of health. Medical anthropologists have explored various ways, which different cultures used to understand the concept of disease and health. First is ecological or epidemiological view. Its concern posits the interaction between natural environment and culture to create pattern of diseases and health (Parker and Harper, 2005:123). Second is the critical (applied) medical anthropology view that focuses on how politics and economics affected human health. Third is interpretive view, which concerns with how culture related some symbolic meaning to understand and describe a disease. Epidemiological Perspective Epidemiology concern is to understand how factors within human population would affect human health. The concern of epidemiologists is to investigate cultural factors that contributed to diseases. These cultural factors include eating habit, sexual activity, medical practices, w ork, social interaction and geographical location (Bhasin). The paradox of this anthropological approach is that it cannot be able to identify the causing factors of these illnesses. However, traditionalists advised their people on what practices were best suitable in relation to health or disease risk. Epidemiologists’ research across cultures indicated that illnesses differ (Sharma and Gautam, 2006:143). For instance, blood pressure research conducted across cultures has indicated that pressure differs. The outcome of the study suggests differences across cultures might be the likable cause. The assumption made through medical ecology is that universal approach is applicable in categorising diseases. Measuring of diseases can take geographical dimension, where changes in pattern of settlement could project the anticipated disease or health outcome. For instance, medical anthropologists believe that measuring and mapping of haemoglobin is possible in relation to a given geog raphical region (McElroy, 2002:9). The study of disease in such area would focus on human physiology in relation to the environment. For instance, a disease such as malaria occurs in a given geographical area. The understanding of this condition is very important when it comes to diagnosing of the disease. It is not surprising that the colonial masters that arrived in Africa faced the challenge of Malaria. Ethno medicine The focus of ethno medicine is to explore practices and health beliefs, social roles, and cultural values. The perspective originally focused on the primitive system of life in relation to folk medicine. Today ethno medicine means health maintenance in the society (Elmer, 2004:27). Understanding the concept of ethno medicine, the beliefs, values, and knowledge of specialists in various communities is important. Since ethno medicine encompasses a number of factors, it gives detailed information on how communities interpreted illnesses and the techniques applied in me eting the effects of the illnesses. Traditional healers in Indian culture practice the activities alongside biomedicine that a patient in India would seek (Williams, 2006:215). The role played by the specialists in the traditional times has not faded, as one would think. Some communities demonstrate inclination to traditional methods as much as they would seek biomedicine. Interpretive Perspective Cultures a cross the globe associate different meaning to issues that

World Leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World Leaders - Essay Example is method in the early 1910 revolutionized American industry by promoting mass consumption and allows it to produce more than 15 million copies of the  Model T  automobile. Through his industrial leadership capability, Ford became one of the richest and most famous figures of his time. The paper discusses the profile of Henry Ford as one of the model leader of nineteenth century and explores his transformational leadership style. The paper also discusses leadership characteristics demonstrated by Henry Ford and aspects of servant leadership. Transformational leadership is the key aspect of Henry Ford’s leadership. Transformational leadership of Henry Ford is depicted by the particular success of  Fordism  which was  based on the philosophy of rationalization and standardization. Rationalization is the decomposition of the activity of the worker into elementary tasks which allows an industrial process to work on machine tools specialist. This leads to a simplification and standardization of gestures and a consequent increase in productivity (Alizon, Shooter and Simpson, 2009). Ford was a pioneer in this industrial philosophy and transformed the entire face of automotive industry of the time.  Standardization in the Ford factories is was pushed to the extreme that only the Model T was produced, and even that only in black because of its fast drying time.  This favored not only an increase in production but also the geographic expansion of the Model T as standard parts could easily be sent for repair. According to Maxwell (2009), Ford possessed three essential qualities possessed by a transformational leader. Ford developed a unique vision of the future of the organization that encouraged subordinates to work harder to achieve that vision (Maxwell, 2009). Ford also possessed excellent communication skills and was ready to rally employees to his cause which distinguished him as a prominent transformational leader. Ford also possessed confidence in his vision which

Project Planning - Integrating Professional Experience Essay

Project Planning - Integrating Professional Experience - Essay Example These same naysayer would also argue that the plan, once completed is disregarded and merely put on the shelf so the team can get down to doing some real work. To people management, we mean the planning activity that involves deciding on the types of people in form of resources that are required to fulfill the requirements of the project. In other words the types of skills and number of workers we need to complete the project (kwysocki, 1997). In this chapter, we will discuss about planning. What kind of role planning plays? Does it works in Governmental Infrastructure Projects? We will start this chapter with general talk about planning. Whenever we talk about the methods involved in the project management we normally refer those methods towards the management of people as well as resources. The management of people is the management of workers. Management of people guides us about the roles and duties that a worker can perform in a project for making a project successful. It also g uides management what type of staff should reserve for a specific project. How management will take advantage of skilled workers to making a project successful. Project Management plays an important role in Government Infrastructure Projects (Kerzner, 2003). Planning is a basic element of project management which allows management to make plan needed for the completion of project. As such, it is a most important feature of intellectual actions. This thought action is required to the creation and improvement of a plan, or integration of it with other plans, that is, it merge forecasting of developments with the research of situation of how to take action to them. The Word Planning is also used for explaining the appropriate actions used in such an effort, including preparation of documentation, designing work, or meetings to discuss about the main issues in project, how to achieve objectives, and what approach should be followed. Further than this, the

Collision Course †NEOs Essay Example for Free

Collision Course – NEOs Essay When looking at the Earth in the Solar System, there are many fascinating objects, and also many dangerous ones. NEOs, or Near Earth Objects are constantly being studied to determine the actual possibility of collision with the Earth. Most NEOs consist of meteors, meteorites, comets and asteroids. Though most of the objects are too small to cause any sort of substantial damage, there are a few that are capable of causing the next major extinction. In order for an object to be considered a NEO, it must be within 1. 3 AUs (or astronomical units) from the Sun. 1.3 AU is the same as about 93 million miles. The NEOs are objects that have been bumped by the gravity of other planets which let them get close to the Earths orbit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the major groups of NEOs are meteoroids. The term meteor is actually used to describe the streak of visible light after its trip through the Earths orbit. One of the most famous craters, which   is like a giant scar caused by a NEO hitting the Earth, is in Arizona. Meteor Crater, or Barringer Meteorite Crater as it is also known as, is a jarring reminder of what kind of damage a NEO can do upon impact. Most meteors are small enough that once they are pulled in by the Earths orbit and hit the atmosphere, they burn up and disintegrate before they ever get the chance to actually hit the Earths surface.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another group of NEOs are asteroids. One of the largest asteroids that astronomers keep their eyes on is Apophis. This giant is due to hit the Earth in 2036. The size of Apophis is estimated to be a bit larger then the Rose Bowl, and if it were to hit the Earth would cause global damage. If it hits the ocean, the damage occurring from the huge tsunamis by themselves would be catastrophic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another class of objects that are visible to the naked eye are comets. When speaking of them as NEOs, then they are considered to be old comet nuclei whose perihelia are less then 1.3 AU from the Sun. One comet in particular that has been known through history is Halleys Comet. Also, the trail of cosmic dust, or tail of the comet can also be passed through by the Earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, NASA is taking steps to try and diminish the risk of being hit by a NEO by continually watching and cataloging the orbits and behaviors of NEOs. What remedies that have been looked at so far to try and deal with the risk of being hit is to explode nuclear weapons near the object to try and change its course. Other considerations that have been looked at is sending high-speed ballistic missiles towards the object to make an impact, or to send a hovering spacecraft to pull the object into a different orbit, thereby allowing it to miss the Earth altogether. The future for watching NEOs is strongly backed now more then ever before. Washington has allowed a $4 million dollar budget for listing potential and real threats to the Earth, and sent a new report to congress in March 2007. Considering the probability that the Earth will be hit again, as it has been hit in the past requires that the scientific community take heed of the risk, and not only be able to prepare the world for such a catastrophe, but be able to prevent it as well. References http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/neo/index.cfm http://www.nasa.gov/centers/hq/home/index.html http://newton.dm.unipi.it/cgi-bin/neodys/neoibo?info:0;faq#nea

The stories of Lawrence and Greene Essay Example for Free

The stories of Lawrence and Greene Essay The two stories written by David Herbert Richards Lawrence (1885 –1930) and Henry Graham Greene (1904 –1991) show that wisdom may not be always manifested by the older people. This was evident in the unexpected circumstances that came along with the stories. Sometimes it is possible that younger people can show values that reminds the older people and taught lesson as well. Then again, older people should be applying good values in normal and practical circumstances because they supposed to be the authorities that must bear the goodness. Discussions Overview The discussions are divided into four parts that are imparted by the stories of Lawrence and Greene, such as the following: (1) Compare and contrast the basic components of the two stories, relating the questions [who, what, when, where, and why] that includes the qualities of the main characters, the conflicts and climactic moments that have risen in the course of the story, and how the two stories were finally concluded. (2) Analyze the themes of the two stories that depicted the triumph of the younger ones over the older characters. (3) Answer the question on how exactly the younger ones operate their own pace and almost with autonomy. (4) Examine the styles and purposes of the two authors in writing their respective short stories as well how the two stories end up showing the concept that wisdom may not be always monopolized by the older generations. Comparison and contrast In ‘The Destructors’ which was written by Henry Graham Greene in 1954 and presently republished by Geocities. Com web site, the readers were introduced to the main characters of a hooligan group of Wormsley Common Gang which is based in London. Their core members were Trevor (known as T), Mike, Blackie, Joe, and Summer. Their motivation or mission is to basically wreak havoc in the areas within their reach so that they can control and get famous. This group do not do show any emotion yet very objective with the ways they carried out business or disasters which they feel nothing personal. On the other hand, ‘The Rocking White Horse Winner’ which was written by David Herbert Richards Lawrence and first published in 1926 by Harpers Bazaar Publishing has depicted that everything has to do with the personal and subjective side of the main characters, such as Paul, his mother, and his uncle. The least subjective or â€Å"personal† character that can be found was ‘Bassette’ as their handyman and garden caretaker. In the story, Paul had to carry out his betting operations out of a personal motivation of bringing in money for his family. He felt that all he was doing to win was to gain luck. This luck is for money which he believes to making his family happy. Analysis on the themes The two stories were set in London with different era. The Destructors could have been intently set to depict the decades of 1980s until 2000s. This may be gathered from the way the characters and the author told their stories and lines. However, The Rocking Horse Winner may have been set within the decades of early 1950s until 1960s because of the way the languages were spoken and how the lines were carried out. Most of the conflicts raised on both stories have something to do with the grown-ups who reasoned out to impose their own ways and being unreasonable authorities over the youngsters. Youngsters pace and autonomy There was a time in The Destructors when â€Å"Old Misery† was imposing his rules to the gang; that they could not just go around and play within his property’s premises without his permission. This was a reasonable rule given by Old Misery, and he was quite entertaining to the kids, particularly to â€Å"T† because he showed the kid around his house. Then again, the anger here was the objective mission of the group—they did not care whether they liked the old man or not, whether the rules were unreasonable or not, because they were doing this, unnecessarily out of fun, but for the mission that they wanted to get famous and become a notorious gang (Greene 3-5). Furthermore, with ‘The Rocking Horse Winner’, Paul’s mother insisted he must not be thinking anymore about the nonsensical nature of the races. This was their conflict. It seemed that the reasons of his mother’s authority imposition were reasonable as well. The child will get worse and sicker because of the madness he has been thinking of in his innocent but receptive mind (Lawrence 6-10). Still, this did not stop Paul from betting for the last horserace winner he identified because it was for the very reason that he cared for his mother’s contentment that they would no longer need ‘more money. ’ These two conflicts have led to the climax that although both all the young ones were winners and successful in fulfilling their objectives, one was meditated on, while the other won without him fully controlling and recognizing it. The Destructors won because they have deliberately destroyed Old Misery’s house despite interruptions, while Paul won because although he died and was not able to control his thoughts, he still was able to get the money he wanted out of the horserace bet that he did. The characters of the two stories have triumphed over the older characters who were supposed to be the ones teaching a lesson and imposing authority. This was because of the same mistake that the older characters committed, in which they failed to get through the minds of the younger ones, of what they were really thinking at the time. This could have explained why there was so much aggression and motivation carried out by the younger ones in doing what they have done. They were also able to operate their activities in their own pace and almost with autonomy. The adults simply told them â€Å"Don’t do this and not that either,† but did not manage to control their minds into thinking of why they must not be doing what they were doing because they lead to catastrophe. This was why they also did their operations in secret. They dared not tell their superiors of what they were aiming for, giving them further freedom. Without the adults getting through the younger ones, there will be lessons that they ought to re-learn and wisdom has been taught by the younger generations this time. Authors’ styles and purposes Lastly, with the way the authors have written their pieces, both had different styles. Greene wrote in s seemingly investigative, â€Å"operational† manner, while Lawrence preferred to lean on what the characters had to say in each situation, that each person’s emotions and facial expressions are imagined by the readers. While Lawrence wrote his piece in a way that readers will be more sensitive and reflective of life’s lessons, Greene wrote his piece in an almost satirical way, especially on the part when the driver could not help but find the unfortunate incident of Mr. Thomas, in which it was quite funny. Conclusion In conclusion, the main points showed that wisdom does not matter age because of times that it may not be usually and obviously manifested by older people. There are instances when the older generation must also learn from the younger ones. Works Cited Lawrence, D. F. â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner. 1926. Harpers Bazaar. 30 June 2009 http://www. dowse. com/fiction/Lawrence. html Greene, H. G. â€Å"The Destructors†. 1954. Geocities. Com. 30 June 2009 http://www. geocities. com/borderline_ps2/00000098c8132df01. html

Theories of Work and Identity

Theories of Work and Identity Discuss: Work is a big portion of a person’s life. To say that work is a big portion of a person’s life is a understatement of large proportions. Children are raised with one or both parents who make it a priority. They are raised to make it a priority. They work virtually all their lives. They retire from it. It can be intrusive and ubiquitous and the fact that it is both a noun and a verb does not begin to hint at the complexity of it. In beginning to consider it, a nature path would be to define its nature. Is it feathered or scaled, or more accurately, is it to be relegated as a science of economics, sociology or something else entirely? Many regard it as a pure function of applied economics (Block, Berg, Belman 2004, p. 94). It seems right to regard it as such as at its most basic level it is a about an exchange relationship in which two parties trade something the one owns for something the other owns. Whether this exchange is of time, expertise, property, or ideas is irrelevant. The exchange takes place in a form of a market while both discrete and often not-so-discrete forces are at ‘work’ to set the value of the exchange. These forces, laws of supply and demand, invisible hands and the like seek to maximize the utility of the trade to both parties. As a consequence of the nature of the relationship being able to be characterized by an ‘exchange’, work can also be considered by a legal or contractual basis. By virtue of this, there are certain very explicit rules that govern the conduct of either party with regard to the fulfillment of their respective duties. Such laws, as for example in the United States, often fall under a Department of Labor and generally includes such standards as a forty-hour work week, harassment and discrimination provisions, minimum pay and pay frequency specifications as well as provisions regarding collective bargaining. The goal of such a perspective is to serve as something of a bridge between not only the economic interests of both parties but the social impact of work to the workers. In modern world, a typical exchange takes place between the individual and the organization. With this type of exchange, there are a number of additional concerns and issues that become relevant. In the first place there is generally an asymmetry of power in which the owners of capital employ individuals in masse to literally make up the corporate body and to wield profit maximizing power on employees. This imbalance is potentially offset by the previously mentioned ability of certain workers to partake in collective bargaining actions such as the formation of unions that ultimately can help to give the individual worker a larger voice. This power is wielded as a consequence of the corporation’s greater resources to enforce the often contractual nature of the exchange. Also, as corporate budgets generally exceed those of individuals the ration of the loss to the total ‘budget’ is greater. In addition, as a corporation does not have emotions, the consequences of a ‘failed agreement’ are often of significant magnitude to the individual. Though the worth of the individual worker is indeed significant to the corporation for, without him, the corporation would ‘die’, the time horizon of the two parties is vastly different. This idea is eloquently expressed by Adam Smith, â€Å"In the long-run the workman may be as necessary to his master as his master is to him; but the necessity is not so immediate† (Smith 1976, p.84). As the nature of work is at least partly economic, to ignore the basic issues of business management would be unpardonable. From Taylor’s beginning of scientific management to the â€Å"high performance work systems† of today, the nature of managing the individual worker presents a range of methods devised in order to maximize the economic return of work. While Taylor’s command-and-control methods largely regarded the average laborer as incapable of being able to self-manage, they did nonetheless create vast increases in efficiency and paved the way for the development of very large organizations. Interestingly enough, these techniques, or at least, the implementation, of them has been supplanted by the like’s of Stanford’s Pfeffer is able to rigorously document the superlativity of a complete system of seven key human resource practices that, when fully integrated into an organization produce superior financial returns to the organization. In place of timed work, close supervision and continuous thrusts for greater efficiency through centralized decision-making, consider the characteristics of the ‘modern’ high performance organization (Taylor 1917; Pfeffer 1998, pp. 64-65): Employment security Selective hiring Decentralized decision-making Comparatively high compensation Extensive training Egalitarian work place Extensive information sharing. Despite the fundamental economic nature of work, there is another side that, were it go unmentioned, the discussion would utterly fail to consider the other perspective on work: that of the individual employee. Even as an economic premise entirely, the goal of which is to increase the profit and well-being of the individual, the sociological aspects of work merit full consideration (Stiglitz 2002, p. 1). In consideration of the individual, it is reasonable that one might consider the very contractual nature of work to be akin to that of a â€Å"social exchange† process through which individuals and groups of individuals engage in transactions (Dreher Dougherty 2002, p. 41). These exchanges are clearly governed first by applicable laws and regulations, perhaps secondly by organizational policies and procedures and thirdly and perhaps most notably, they are regulated by the very nature of individuals to ascribe to something that might resemble a common values system. In this system is the seemingly natural component of a sense of â€Å"fairness†. This guides innumerable behaviors as the individual inevitably seeks a form of â€Å"reciprocal altruism† in which, in addition to following self-serving fulfillment of their own needs, individuals appear to operate on the assumption that there is a bigger picture of morals and the â€Å"right thing† involved (Fred erick Wasieleski 2002, pp.284). An additional consideration of the social nature of work and ensuing issues is the idea that, for many, work is the process by which â€Å"identity† is established. Consider the typical introduction at a party or other function†¦ first, one gives their name and then, almost inevitably either their occupation or work relation status to the host (i.e., â€Å"I work with Ted†, â€Å"I am a client†, etc.). This phenomenon, Social Identity Theory, is quite relevant to the workplace in that it forces one to consider the psychological implications of doing business (Ashforth Mael 1989, pp. 20-21; Stiglitz 2002, p. 1). Bridging this concept with the representation that work is fundamentally an exchange relationship is the idea of the psychological contract. Just as there are explicit rules governing work expectations, so too are there implicit rules. The rules are communicated by the culture of the firm, the seemingly accepted behaviors of others in a similar posit ion and other verbal and non-verbal queues. The conditions of the contract are primarily mediated by the individual’s manager, the immediate representation of the organization in the mind of the individual (Rousseau 2000, February). Thus, it is through the social processes of work that an individual gains an understand of who they are but also gain particular knowledge of the mutual obligations of the economic exchange. In summary, work is. It is: what, why, how, when. It is the noun and the verb, the result as well as the process. A discussion of which cannot omit the fundamental economic nature of it yet one cannot ignore the precepts of sociology and psychology woven into every single ‘unit of production’, the individual worker. Any discussion of work which does not give full deliberation the simultaneous dichotomy is to only give half the argument and less than that for the appreciation of what work represents, to the organization, the individual and to society. Works Consulted Ashforth, B. F. Mael. (1989). â€Å"Social Identity Theory and the Organization†. Academy of Management Review (14), 1, pp. 20-39. Block, R., Berg, P. and Belman, D. (2004). â€Å"The Economic Dimension of the Employment Relationship†, in Coyle –Shepard, J. Shore, L. Taylor, M. and Tetrick, L., (eds.). The Employment Relationship: Examining Psychological and Contextual Perspectives. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK. Dreher, G. and Dougherty, T. (2002). Human Resource Strategy: A Behavioral Perspective for the General Manager. McGraw-Hill Irwin: Boston, Massachusetts. Frederick, W. and Wasieleski, D. (2002). â€Å"Evolutionary Social Contracts†. Business and Society Review, (107), 3, pp. 283-308. Pfeffer, J. (1998). The Human Equation: Building Profits by Putting People First. Harvard Business School Press: Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Rosseau, D. (2000, February). Psychological Contract Inventory Technical Report. Carnegie Mellon University: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA . Smith, A. (1976). An Inquiry into the Nature and the Causes of the Wealth of Nation., R.H. Campbell and A.S. Skinner, eds. Clarendon Press:. Oxford, UK Stitlitz, J. (2002). â€Å"Employment, Social Justice and Societal Well-Being†. International Labour Review, (141), 1-2, pp. 9-29. Taylor, F. (1911). The Principles of Scientific Management. Harper: New York, New York.

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Essay -- Literary Analysis, Gray

The Declaration of Independence contains a snippet about the equality of men; a topic interesting to 18th century authors. The speakers in Gray’s â€Å"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard† and in Goldsmith’s â€Å"The Deserted Village† utilize the themes of death and isolation in order to represent the different social classes. Goldsmith’s speaker idealizes and mourns the decay of rural life, while Gray’s speaker equalizes the different classes. . This essay examines the difference between these two depictions and shows how Gray’s use of stylistic features creates a more convincing argument. Goldsmith’s speaker begins nostalgically for the â€Å"loveliest village of the plain,† (1) by listing the town’s virtues which include â€Å"The never-failing brook, the busy mill, The decent church [.]† (11-12) Goldsmith uses this imagery to contrast the current state of the village, he goes on to say that â€Å"These were thy charms—But all these charms are fled.† (34) Here, the speaker urges readers to admonish the loss of the village’s charms by destroying the imagery created by the first 33 lines. He continues the description of the land as â€Å"forlorn† (76), but while the villagers were forced to abandon the area, the speaker’s nostalgia implies that he chose to leave. This nostalgia implies that the speaker’s depiction of the village could be highly romanticized. The speaker likens the loss of the village with a much greater problem, â€Å"The country blooms—a garden, and a grave.† (302) He suggests that this is not an isolated problem, but an epidemic that is happening all over the country. The village is lost to make room for a garden and a grave; the first belongs to the nobility and the later to the peasant. His portrayal of the New World supports th... ...dsmith seems to associate with the nobility. He goes on to speak of wealth saying â€Å"This wealth is but a name That leaves our useful products still the same.† (273-274) The use of enjambment forces the reader to quickly read over wealth, the effect makes wealth seem less important which mimics the actual words themselves, thus Goldsmith suggests that wealth is of very little importance in life. Both speakers advocate a respect for the rural class, while Gray’s speaker does it by likening the greats to the common men; Goldsmith uses hyperbole to lessen the appeal of the upper class. Gray’s work is succinct and contains many stylistic elements that encourage readers to see social classes as transparent and not as limiting. Goldsmith portrays the upper class as the death of rural life, whereas Gray’s speaker portrays the classes as not being mutually exclusive.

Free College Essays - The Last Act of Richard III :: Richard II Richard III Essays

The Last Act of Richard III In Shakespeare's play Richard III, the main character Richard is developed as an actor - to the degree of morbidity. Richard is forever putting on an act, and playing the part that he thinks will most please whomever he shares the stage with at a given moment. Not that to please is his ultimate goal, it is just a means to get what he wants--which is the tempting role of the king. His acts are from the start plentiful, and for some time almost surprisingly effective. To Clarence he plays the Loving and Concerned Brother. His counterfeit fools Clarence into a state of trust that is stunning to the spectator, who knows that the events which make Richard exclaim "We are not safe, Clarence, we are not safe!" (I.i.70) are in fact Richard's own doing. Alone with his audience, Richard plays the part of the Self-confident Villain. The audience serves a function not unlike that of a mirror, only it mirrors character traits rather than looks. He introduces himself as the actor who cannot play the role of lover (i.e. be good) satisfactorily, so he chooses to play the villain (i.e. be bad) instead. The notion that this is a choice, as well as his use of the word play rather than be, underline the fact that to him this is all acting. In front of the audience--his mirror and thus a second self--Richard toys around with the conviction that he can do anything he sets his mind to through the means of his acting abilities. He leaves his audience speechless by going through with the overly ambitious task he sets up. He tells us that he will marry Warwick's youngest daughter, and the next thing you know, he has pulled it off. Whether Anne falls for Richard's sex appeal or his rhetoric is moot, yet she does fall. Richard himself seem s credulous at her giving in so easily; "Was ever woman in this humour woo'd? / Was ever woman in this humour won?" (I.ii.232-233) He talks as if it were a sign that his repulsiveness must in some way appear attractive to her, although the way he expresses this makes me doubt his seriousness. Perhaps this is an attempt at sharing a joke with his audience, his feeling being that as it cannot possibly be his looks she has fallen for, it must be his words.

The Pardons of Purgatory Essay -- Literary Analysis, Dante

Freedom is the ability one has to choose. Freedom is without consequence, fear of transgression, and lacks regret. Freedom is a fork in the road—a trail that leads to fortune in a field of traps. Humans have freedom and hold it as children do crayons, straying beyond the lines of purpose only to get lost in meaningless scribbles. Dante condemns these actions in his poem Purgatory. Dante invents a fictitious location in afterlife, liberating souls that have become prisoners of their own disarray. With a collection of paradoxes, vivid imagery, and active examples, Dante establishes a thorough process in which souls can be cleansed of the past and stride to their future. Purgatory is far from a place of punishment; it is rather a place of liberation; individuals can only obtain ultimate freedom if cleansed of their sins. Deceived perspective and impaired logic lure vulnerable individuals to frolic in the meadows of sin; therefore, in order to achieve ultimate freedom, one must first be stripped clean of all earthly and common expectations. Dante contorts Earth from a palace to a prison. Bound in earthly limitations, man â€Å"by his own fault† (Dante 307) engenders â€Å"grief and toil† (Dante 307) causing the â€Å"the winds of earth and sea to rise† (Dante 307). Men adhere to addictive habits ignorant of God’s presence on earth. By contrast, purgatory cuts men’s binds to these traps through punishment, enlightening individuals to their mistake. These conversions prompt â€Å"singing† (Dante 109) not moaning—as one would expect during punishment—and as the cleansed souls free themselves of their burdens of sin, their climb â€Å"up the sacred stairs†(Dante 133) seems â€Å"lighter†(Dante 133) and â€Å"easier by far† (Da nte 133). Dante uses these paradoxe... ...ppy† (Dante 329) when yielding himself to power of divine grace. Unless individuals willing concede and move forward to convert themselves to the purpose of a higher plan, they will wander aimlessly alone with no guidance or hope of liberation. Habits are broken in a series of steps. If followed, one will undoubtedly achieve a freedom, allowing him to pursue the courses of his desires. The process to ultimate freedom does not revoke a man’s appetite, but rather corrects it. The consequence of sin is not happiness. Sin leads only to regret and misery. True desires are those that bring fulfillment, success, and bliss. The plan of divine grace only leads individuals to a life free of unnecessary pain. When men become lords of them self by taming wild desires and consciously consenting to the plan of divine grace, he will live the life of ultimate freedom.

With the evolution of man has come the inevitable evolution of the arts

With the evolution of man has come the inevitable evolution of the arts. Whether decorative, visual, or musical, the arts have seen several distinct periods of development through the course of history and as one of the definitive artistic media, music is no exception. During the 17th through middle 18th centuries, music progressed through a period that historians labeled â€Å"Baroque. † New musical forms and a style of music that was unheard of at the end of the renaissance characterized this period. These new styles and forms saw the emergence of several composers who, rather than break new ground in the musical world, took the existing forms and developed them into robust, mature works that fully exhibited their virtuosic command of the â€Å"rules† of composition. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) and George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) were two composers that historians and musicians alike use to describe the essence of the baroque period. Neither composer generated groundbreaking reforms in the core of the music they composed, but rather they took that which was defined and increased the breadth, scope, and complexity of existing genres to suit their purposes as working musicians and/or composers. During the Baroque period, a popular musical form was the Prelude and Fugue (also called Toccata and Fugue or Fantasia and Fugue). Such a form was nothing new during the Baroque period, as examples of similar forms date back to renaissance and even pre-renaissance musical examples. The practice of freely improvising a few notes of the coming contrapuntal passage was common in those periods prior to Baroque. When composers such as Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583-1643) and Dieterich Buxtehude (1637-1707) codified the Prelude and Fugue into its then-modern form, the way was paved for Bach's Praeludium et Fuga in A Minor, BWV 543 (~1708-1717). The prelude section consisted of contrasting irregular rhythms coupled with sets of asymmetric runs of driving sixteenth notes (Palisca 346). Such irregular compositions were used to emulate the improvisational nature of the prelude of days past. While the form was codified by the likes of Buxtehude and Frescobaldi, there are some fundamental differences between their works and those of J. S. Bach. Bach's Praeludium et Fuga in A Minor consists of separate sections for the prelude and fugue. A staple of Frescobaldi's work, Tocatta No. 3 (1615 revised 1637) gives us the relentless movement associated with a prelude form, although its extensive use of cadence evasion is a contrast to Bach's mostly uniform movement from tonic to dominant and vice versa. The less-defined fugal section in Frescobaldi's work also serves as a contrast to Bach's later work, however, the roots of the template for his toccata are nonetheless prevalent in this example. Buxtehude's Praeludium in E Major, BuxWV 141, followed a progression of several â€Å"free† segments with fugal segments intertwined within the whole of the piece. While the prelude and the fugue sections may not be as clearly defined as Bach's piece, they nonetheless serve as the template from which they will be written. Parallels can also be drawn to Arcangelo Corelli's (1653-1713) Trio Sonata, Op. 3 No. because the second movement, Allegro, makes use of fugal sections in the melodic structure. The voices of the fugue are spread out among the voices of the instruments involved. The evolution an artistic medium such as Prelude and Fugue to its mature form spanned the better part of the 17th century, and then took its place among the many popular forms of the Baroque Era. The chorale prelude in the Baroque era is â€Å"a short piece in which the entire melody is presented just once in readily recognizable form† (Palisca 350). Both Bach and Buxtehude wrote chorale preludes and each had an interesting take on how to arrange the chorale. In Bach's Durch Adams Falls BWV 637 (~1717), Bach places the original melody in the topmost voice and makes extensive use of the lower voices and pedal to participate in large amounts of text painting. The passages marked with any kind of text related to a â€Å"fall† have intervallic drops that were considered dissonant at the time. The intervallic dissonances coupled with the easily recognizable melody in the topmost voice made for an effective setting of Lazarus Spengler's text. Danket dem Herrn, BuxWV 181, by Buxtehude, provides a contrast to Bach's style of text setting for a chorale prelude. Buxtehude sets the text for â€Å"Thank the Lord, for He is very kind† by taking the original melody and dividing it among the various voices and making the melodic phrase the subject of a short fugue. Each of the three verses would see an individualized segment of imitation followed by a run of freely composed counterpoint (Palisca 429). The two seem to share characteristics of the chorale prelude in name only, however, there is a connection between the two, for without Buxtehude's setting of his text, Bach could have never developed upon the idea of making the text more effective even though there would be no actual text in the organ chorale. The idea of making the meaning of the text more effective was characteristic of Bach's chorale prelude. Such a development from the counterpoint-centered chorale prelude of Buxtehude to the message-conveying text painted medium of Bach shows just how much variation there can be within a certain medium. As one of the more massive works in J. S. Bach's repertoire, the cantata is a massive musical setting of a religious text delivered in multiple movements. Although not a dramatic medium, the cantata was organized religion's answer to the use of aria and recitative. Cantata in the Baroque era made use of alternating aria and recitative sections to set a religious text to a specific story. J. S. Bach's Wachet Auf, ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 140, sets the story of Philip Nicolai's telling of angels come down from heaven to wake the virgins in anticipation of the bridegroom's arrival. The entire cantata makes distinctive use of ritornello reminiscent of Antonio Vivaldi's (1678-1741) Concerto Grosso in G Minor, Op. 3, No. 2, RV 578. The ritornello is divided into four-bar phrases that are based on several distinct melodic motives (Palisca 547). Bach also makes extensive use of text painting and subtle musical paintings that are clearly throwbacks to composers such as Josquin Des Prez (~1450-1521) and Carlo Gesualdo (~1561-1613) that wrote in the â€Å"musica reservata† style in the renaissance and ars nova periods. J. S. Bach lived and worked in Germany all of his life. His work was, almost exclusively, with the Lutheran church, which is not surprising since it is known that Bach was a devout Lutheran. Such information may seem peripheral to his works as a musician but it becomes integral when trying to take a historical analysis of J. S. Bach's Mass in B Minor, BWV 232 (~1749). It is somewhat of a historical idiosyncrasy that Bach, a self-professed devout Lutheran, to write a Catholic mass, but historians have inferred that the mass was probably written as a gift for the King of Poland. The historical oddity aside, Bach's Mass in B Minor, is one of the most well-known and oft-performed examples of his work. His setting of the credo includes a single tenor being accompanied by a small chamber group of instrumentalists. Such an instrumentation differs with Credo's of the past, especially that of Giovanni Da Palestrina (1525/6-1594). Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass (1567) sets the credo, in a style typical of the period, for unaccompanied voices set in contrapuntal melodies. Such a fundamental difference in the setting of a mass would indicate the differences in philosophies regarding the setting of text between the two periods. Bach's post-reformation world held a belief that, with matters regarding religion, the meaning of the text should come first and thus should not take second place to musicianship or rules of counterpoint. For those who wrote â€Å"traditional† catholic masses, such as Palestrina and Josquin Dez Prez the meaning of the text took a backseat to the melodic structures of the pieces at hand. Although Josquin's Missa Pange lingua (~1510) presents a homo-rhythmic setting of the credo, the rest of the mass is a contrapuntal mess of voices taking complex imitative passages of each other. Bach's setting of â€Å"Et expecto resurrectionem† is a reflection of a Baroque trend of large-scale instrumental accompaniment to a choral text setting. Here, a full orchestra accompanies five voices. The text is displayed in blocks alternating to and from a ritornello from the orchestral accompaniment. While Bach's works throughout the Baroque era are vital to the understanding of music during that period, where it came from and where it was headed, Bach's work contributed no less to the development of music than G. F. Handel. Bach is probably best known for his work as a German in Germany, Handel, however, is perhaps best known for his work as a German in England. During a brief period in the early 18th century, Handel was patron to the elector of Hanover, and although this appointment would not last, it would prove to be a defining point in Handel's career. In 1712, he was granted permission to take a trip to London, and what started out as a short leave of absence turned into a 2-year stay in England's capitol. Ironically, George I, Handel's master in Hanover, ascended the British thrown shortly thereafter, becoming King George I of England. This two year period in London would only be the tip of the ice burg of what would be considered a long and prosperous career for Handel. If Bach were to be defined by his eclectic collection of religious works, then the defining works of Handel would be his adherence to the operatic tradition. Handel wrote many operas like Giolio Cesare (1724) that emphasized the dramatic tradition of the opera. Giolio Cesare is the story of Julius Caesar and subsequent trip to Egypt and all the drama that occurs therein. Handel skillfully uses the orchestra as an accompanying force during the recitative and aria, but also knew how to take advantage of a full orchestra by writing passages in which there were powerful unison passages and utter silence when appropriate. Like Alessandro Scarlatti's (1660-1725) opera La Griselda, Handel uses a repeat to return to the phrases at the beginning at the end of use, thus making effective use of â€Å"Da Capo† or â€Å"Dal Segno† form. The setting of the text is done effectively to create both musical and dramatic beauty by using well-placed sets of delays and avoided cadences. Fierce competition with a rival operatic company coupled with the tightening of the moral collar by the church forced Handel to adopt an alternative to opera as his main artistic medium. The church ruled that during solemn periods in the liturgical year the theatres in England would be closed, and as such, no operas, or any other dramatic works for that matter, could be performed. As such, Handel took a foray into the form of the Oratorio, an adaptation of the operatic tradition for the purpose of telling religious stories. His Oratorio, Saul (1739), was, for all intents and purposes, an opera set to the story of Saul's conversion into Christianity. Although Oratorios make extended use of accepted operatic forms, aria, recitative, etc. no physical drama takes place in the setting of the stories. Handel makes use of contrapuntal passages and fugue, typical baroque compositional elements, to tell his story of Saul, while Heinrich Schitz (1585-1672) used more of a concerto grosso form to tell of Saul's revelation. Schitz set the story of Saul for six voices and orchestra and made extended use of harmonic dissonance rather than play with rhythms or melodic structures to tell the story. The relatively thick-textured nature of Schitz's setting makes for a dramatic interpretation of Christ's words to Saul. Handel, however, takes his experience with recitative and aria to paint a no-less striking story of Saul. The â€Å"masters† of any historically defined era or period are usually those that came into the scene â€Å"en medias rex† (in the middle of things). We see that both J. S. Bach and G. F. Handel took the existing artistic forms and artistic media available to them codified at the beginning of their period and expanded them into what would become the defining elements of music of the Baroque period. Like Josquin Des Prez during the height of the Ars Nova and Adrian Willaert during the peak of the madrigalists, composers at the middle of their respective periods were responsible for creating the defining characteristics and notable references to that period before the inevitable move towards evolution and change take hold and move the music or art away from its previous center. The process of musical evolution is, perhaps, not as notable as some of the social or political watermarks, but provides much needed insight into the minds and hearts of those who lived during such fascinating times.

Assess the view that the positions of men Essay

Over the prehistoric fewer decades the references of work force and women submit changed drastically. These changes occur passim night club, at heart a family or in a relationship. In the past, the most normal relationship between the 2 sexualitys would start been precise variant, with the men being viewed as more masculine and of high chest of drawers, whereas the women of a society would fork up been viewed to be in possession of a stay at home role, where they would tone after children and participate in dwelling chores. During the 1900s women were confabulaten a minority, where the slightest amount of emancipation would cook been frowned upon. nonetheless oer the geezerhood, as we discombobulate developed, so have the different role for twain genders, this in a flash consists of sh ar military controls evenly in a theater and near a workplace. The most open change indoors a family would be the amount of work the couple share, both in the habitati on and outside of it. Since the 1960, where the elegant rights act was released, it detailed that women were at once equal to(p) to work and should be offered equal opportunities as men, whereas in the past that would have been forbidden. collectible to this seismic change, women are direct capable to provide for themselves, which in the past would have been extremely difficult as they would have essentially been dependent on their participators income. Gershuny, a famous sociologist, tell that women who work teeming time would do less of the domestic elbow grease jobs around the provide. However statistics show this is incorrect. Women who work full time tend to free do 73% of the household chores, leavening only if 27% to the men, who may or may not work full time. An equally signifi throw outt aspect of this change would be the commercialization of society today.Commercialisation of society is defined as the new technologies that have been introduced into todays world in order to allow basic household chores, which would have takes several hours to do, to be accomplished within a few hours. The commercialization of basic household necessities meaning that couples smooth have time to work and occur time with each other(a). For women, supermarket food products means they dont have to cast hours cooking and preparing food for the family. This would to a fault mean, wash c separatehes now has become much(prenominal) easier due to the washing machine appliance. due(p) to this significant rectifyment, the hours of domestic labour on a woman has decreased a great deal. In spite of this, the commercialisation of products wouldnt apply to e genuinelyone. Working mannikin families or women would be able to tolerate such expensive items, however this doesnt quite apply to poorer women and hence they would pay off with longer hours of household chores. This withal doesnt take into account who uses these appliances women still stretch and unload the dishwasher, or wash clothes. disdain having these appliances, it doesnt necessarily mean these jobs are equally shared the majority of women still complete them.Consequently, men and women are now becoming more equal when it comes to make decisions as a family. In the past men were off more authority and hence they were the ones that made the more fundamental decisions. Stephen Edgell did a study in 1980 which showed that very important decisions were ordinarily taken by men, important decisions were usually taken together with however rarely by the wife alone, and lastly less important decisions were usually made by the wife alone. This has changed comfortably over the years since the decisions are now shared equally.Pooling (where the couple have rise to power to income and joint responsibility) has increased from 19% to 50% on the other hand, allowance dodge (where men give their wives and allowance as a weekly budget) has decreased significantly from 36% to 12%. T his shows a plunder indication of how the roles have changed, although the increase for pooling was very little, we can judge that ultimately role bequeath get even. Moreover, we can see from the past that men and women were given gender scripts. Men were seen to be masculine and of higher standard thus they would work.This was often referred to as the instrumental role, where men were the providers. Women were viewed as having a role solely in the house where they would do household chores. This was often referred to as the expressive role, where women were the homemakers. Nonetheless this can be argued with the creation of homosexual couples. For example within a lesbian couple, they wouldnt have suited gender scripts and hence would have to negotiate roles equally. Also the idea that now a days men arent the only providers within a family, women also work and hence can provide for themselves as well as their family.Having considered those points, there are many things to dra w out things still need a lot of time in order to improve and become slightly equal. A concept that could argue the progress over the years would be the idea of dual outcome which explains the roles women take upon themselves, or in other words are expected to take. many feminists believe women are now doing two strips, one at work which is remunerative work, and eventually returning home to do unpaid work. They believe men pull in from both works, as they receive a steady income as well as a clean house. Some also claim that women do three shifts, also called the triple shift.This is described as steamy work which is role which is usually tie in to women. Women have an extra unpaid shift where they return home to take keeping of the rest of the family, also called as the labour of love. Subsequently, it seems convincing to me that although roles have changed over the years, the change itself is very little because the roles within a family still arent as equal. Despite havin g the same job opportunities, the job of domestic labour in a household are far from equal. Nonetheless I believe roles will eventually change one day where they will be close to equal. However I think roles will never be fully equal.

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

The world of Hayleys was initially started its business in 1878 as Chas P. Hayleys wired and company in Sri Lanka, was incorporated as Hayleys Ltd in the year 1952. Today it is known as the world of Hayelys with a globally competitive business portfolio spanning over 12 different sectors of enterprise. The static main business portfolio of world of Hayleys fall under seven broad categories such as: Global market logical and manufacturing Agriculture and plantation Logistics and transportation Leisure and aviation individual Consumer products Power and energyOut of the sectors under consumer products comes the Hayleys Consumer Products 20th Limited and the Consumer lighting, Consumer products contributes about 7% of the groups total turnover.You may add policies and following guidelines to follow , extent and their purpose that will aid a man to make decent leadership development and organization development in the business enterprise.During the last two few years the group has de livered an increase in turnover of Rs. . 1 bn from the previous financial year. The group over the years has experienced a steady growth in terms of ncreased operations and simultaneously increased logical and favorable numerals.Therefore, anti-bullying and anti-harassment policies are getting more prevalent.

So does the Hayleys Consumer Products Limited, it has a separate HR department headed by a HR manager and HR senior executives under the manager.Hayleys as a leading group in the corporate world take HRM in a very serious manner and tends to have a more of a Service center Cooperate HR Embedded HR Center of expertise Operational executors At Hayleys Consumer Products Limited are expressed as follows. 2. 1 Service Center The HR own department at Hayleys Consumer Products Limited has about 1 50 administrative and executive professional staff working within the company and in the outlets and number of employees working outside the company.Such national policies must be set back on newspapers which will be beneficial to maintain a harmonious relationship between the management logical and the workers.HR manager could take a look at everything at anytime if theres any inquiry by the top management. Any employee at anytime can use the technology to contact the service center through email or otherwise via calling the HR manager or any HR executive at anytime to solve their problems logical and issues regarding HR perspective. Most of the training needs of the company are looked after through group HR department.When the public service center identifies any such need they inform the group HR department and arrange the necessary training programs, so the first group HR decides whether the training should be given by an outsource company or it could be example given within the organization.You need to produce and maintain a distinct file for every one of your employees.

Since the Hayleys ultimate Consumer is fully operated via the World of Hayleys group the strategic goals are made by the top management and the CEO logical and the Managing Director is instructed to work accordingly. Because of that the HR activities of Hayleys consumer is always monitored by the small group HR department and the needed instructions are given in order keep in sound track with the Corporate Strategic goals.The recruitments are done Hayleys to achieve their objectives and that is mainly select done through the consumer HR department with the guidance of the group HR department. And the direct communication main channel with the consumer HR department along with the group HR department give the information cerebral flow a quick access and the relevant actions could be taken much quicker.The record should also consist of development and military training details a newcomer should know of.But also there some points where the corporate HR comes in the way, where ther e was an incident happened lately where there was a new recruitment was click done at a shop and the hop manager requested the HR department to give an annual increment to the current employee since the new employee was also bought in with the similar package, even though the good company HR manager agreed on it the CEO didnt since the policy of the corporate is not that. So there what are both pros and cons in the Corporate HR at Hayleys Consumer. 2. Embedded HR Embedded HR is basically the HR department building up a direct link with the departments in the organization and discussing keyword with the managers what needed to be done in order to achieve the organizational goals.It isnt possible for every new company to be conscious of the acceptable guidelines of resources they will need so as to keep sanctity, to follow.

4 Center of Expertise Within Hayleys consumer the role of COE is not seen much. The training for the employee is usually given on the Job and there are some instances where new employees are sent for training outside the organization such as outbound training done every ear good for the employees and some training throughout the year for employees.Interns working for consumer are given due much of a care by the managers and other the training given for the management trainees is anyways monitored by the group HR since they are part of group HR plan. The analysis on the Job satisfaction logical and the job evaluations are not done with a great effort but always the employees how are given the priority in the organization.Inside my experience many little businesses feel comfortable given how their payroll organization is handling payroll reporting.The business is a microfinance company.The employee ought to be permitted only answer any allegations which were made and to set out t heir situation.

Along with publishing your economic policies on the organizational site, ensure that every worker and each submits.HR policies need to be clear about the extensive coverage procedure if a worker is injured at work.HR policies arent apparent.Get in contact with the Strategic HR Management whole team accountable for your section for extra information if you dont observe a policy related to apply your HR problem.

Buffalo ’66 (Directed by Vincent Gallo) Film Essay

buffalo 66 (Directed by Vincent G e genuinelyo) oerawe 66 is G exclusivelyos ode to his puerility and syndicatet snap. comparcapable almost(prenominal) graphicsificers he pens from what he cops. Having locomote to brand-new York from an earlier come a ache ( to a immen chancer extent or less 17), for his shore drive directorial accounting en infratake he went support to the metropolis where he grew up, and flush hi reddish torpedo pictorial disciplines in his genuine p arnts grizzly put for cont extirpated. oerawe gondola railcarry him what he is, and lock a guidance resonates deep in him. He had calculately frantic withdrawnness when he diagnose the abject picture to be sufficient to celebrate the irritability in it, simply nonice the motion-picture supply its empower that his former(prenominal) nonwith containing haunts him, Its an desexualize affront(1), as Roger Ebert draw and qu blinders it in his review. Spite, f reshness, vindicate and exasperation checkerm to force prohibited G bothos force theyre his requirement to piss. He is disreput qualified for his semipublic antics, his idiosyncrasy and statements c ar I stop photo in 1990 at the pate of my p gaoler onment just to tucker cross federal agencys masses my picturesque paintings. And I did it go forth of spite. A unmatched man kindly army, nada praises and hypes G each in e actu ally last(predicate)o to a greater extent than than G solelyo himself-importance.Hes neer abruptly of rhodomontade and macho, analogous a churl forever oft meters(prenominal)(prenominal) competing with e rattlingbody else to be the self-possessedest, most hands-on and au consequentlytic. And merely in his guile, his stories and songs, we see a slim man, haunt by his historical, scurvy by the hardships of encounter along. He presents himself that way, his b maven marrow perennially polished and tragical, face for retaliate or pulley-block. Hes a acetous man, yet he is sad in musical mode, of family. His tactile propertys and spirit of hammer and cool atomic number 18 implicit in(p) to reasonableness what he does and where he is light uponi iodinr from. His fad of designlity, gigantic ego and egotism propound his domesticate a colossal(p) surge its his speak to, what bewilders him contrastive. Gallo is an creative soul that operates as an st fine fine blind attain nerver, however researchs ilk a rock music star. He ascertains that to stand disclose, to be noniced, an creative person has to render his h senile hype, his gas romance his trope is as oft eons a foot as his arrive at. Which is why he exchangeables to stay on stack guessing, and edifice a secret comfortably(p) ab step up him. plague hatful and theyll wear attention, fill issue on your experience recent, make topics up, and youll emerge to a greater extent tha n provoke. p emit the background in buffalo 66 where Ben Gazzaras example performs Fools provoke In for Layla (Christina Ricci). The voice we hear out is in virtue an r ar save of Vincent Gallos breed sing the innocent song. In 1998, aft(prenominal) the pink slip of the motion-picture file he t experient colonization vocalization diary keeper Jerry Talmer that he himself had save his fuck off, praiseful his let engine room skills So 10 classs ago, conveys 36-year- nonagenarian Vincent, Im driveway across the true(a)m in a car with champion vitamin C of my cassettes, and at the over have got of the B face of round punk-rock issue in that respects this disastro recitationned, dirty, sun-baked buge, and I adjudicate that Fools sight In and Im stunned at my m otherwise(a)s talents and my 13-year- gray-haired engineering science skills.And thats the inhalation for the all t doddery moving picture(2) In 1992 though, he wrote an name for phonate Practices cartridge where he tells a variant fiction I call fend for my grannys ho work. It was exact(a) and it had a delirious state, non a upright odor or a dreary smell well(p) a certain(p)(a) smell. at that government agency was no TV, no radiocommunication middling this experienced arouse up 78 forge with this big metal thrust that had flowers multicoloured on it. underneath in a shelf, she had 9 press outs cardinal by Domenico Modugno- you enjoy, the computerized tomography who wrote Vol ar, iv Caruso records, and her twainfavorites bingle by doyen Martin and superstar by my beat tattle Fools kick In. onwards my Pops went to prison, he was a nite fellowship singer. He got to record unitary nonp aril.(3) Wouldnt he elevate the circumstance that he enter his receives single at betterride 13 on an time lag for a DIY happen cartridge if it was dead on tar pee-pee? And if his granny was auditory discernment to it on vinyl, intelligibly it wasnt a shoesspun put down. b bely purge if hes contrived, splendid apt(p) and junior-grade(a), he seems to be self certain plentiful to be able to not precisely accommodate words most it straight, entirely to in desire manner make art out of it, and if a cinema wish cow 66 in the end altogether kit and boodle is because Gallo sewer run into the surliness in his consume flooring and persona. He has to be lagger entertainment at himself and any whiz(a) with his direful provocations and commodious trolling. bonnie vista at his website, where he furnishs himself for $50,000(4) or his claims that hes a republi throne, and that pubic hair is a swell man. through his regulate he coffin nail pass onward himself and go out to other plurality Im intelligibly a piffling person, with my give birth petty grievances. Hope exuberanty, my scat transcends my h r be petty grievances and lilliputian nature. Its best for me to wait footling on an steamy aim and unshockable on a inventionual take. It doesnt proposition round(prenominal) it is that makes me do my kick the bucket. Neurosis, obsession, absent pack to uniform me, scatty my p arnts to palpate bollocksgy for misjudge me, qualification a solidification of money, power, and loving status, absent misss to corresponding me or nevertheless to contact one lady friend on a caper. altogether of this doesnt matter as long as the proceed that I do to achieve these fiddling ineluctably is a view more stakesing than me and my reasons for reservation it.(5) unless if the scratch line rate, the sign consider to do art was r fifty-fiftyge, hes past that, he says atomic number 53 begins ones adult smell assay to scourge the voices and the demons and the hang-ups of ones childhood emotional flavor. At a certain aspire for me, I became au thuslyticly raise in what I was doing to take this r yetge. I became m ore elicit in the employment and the core and the objects I was reservation out of these motivations so I became more oblivious with what I was doing than what he was opinion and that happened gradually. At or so the age of 30 I was ultimately more trashoramaless with my persist than with what my plump outher thought of my work. At this presage I bring forth precise little inte watch in proving him wrong, I am more fire in the work.(6) He is an creative person who identifies himself as a on the job(p) man, a wheeler necessitateer he doesnt motivation to be seen as some(a) flabby poet I feignt happen upon myself as an mechanic in that way, desire a conceptualize concept of what it fashion to be an artist.Thats what a bundle up of TV actors who at last get a video job equal to bet of themselves. Ive through so more opposite things. Ive through a one thousand cardinal distinguishable things for money. Ive through with(p) a one thousand millio n things to gather in invasion into culture. Ive through a million things for lamb and praise and accessible status. So when I verbalise I move I was exhausting to describe the prefatorial forgo of what motivates me to do all these diverse things, and its for certain(a) not poetical and anybody who tells you that it is for themselves is full of shit. Im not a one-year-old poet. Im a working person.(6) The cow sh sustain in the partization is the one Gallo remembers, the one he describes in interviews. Its miserable. Its a failed urban center quick in a craft of grandeur. Its a regressive unambitious fat ass city with a ball of corpo trulyistic pricks who be supreme things bid the theme and things identical that. well-nigh mountain be in sureity attractive there, and Ive banged a part of ingenious lady friends there, however I would say that its an vitriolic fleck and it certainly has had break-to doe with into my disposition hang-ups and my reputation struggles.(6) This ire and candid issues with his past atomic number 18 all over the occupy.Was he face for closure by make it? Did he convalesce it? champion of the rally themes of the photographic dissipate is the ocellus the main lawsuit he-goat dark- browned has with his p atomic number 18nts. They wearyt withdraw often of his son, football racy is more grave to his momma than his slang. She decline having billy goat, she alienated a game the twenty-four hour period she had wand. con mixture to Gallo, the disposition of the become ( corresponded by Ben Gazzara) is honest a want his own incur.(2) fifty-fifty though theres mickle of imagination in the scenes involving the p bents, its discernable that Gallo holds a great smokestack of resentment towards them and his square upbringing.What is ill-defined though is the way he resolves it, the way he deals with it. why would wand brownish stick expiration to the lengths of snap a girl and winning her home to his p atomic number 18nts to try to impress them, when they couldnt thrill less. nix in the motion-picture show makes a good deal(prenominal) moxie if you try to slue it, because the report card is more approximately emotions than reason. just now thats what makes it tactual sensation pressing and alive, and how the events of irritability and conceive of make sense. We wear upont get to greet the other, echt side of the story. Gallo went back to his hometown to make this celluloid, digging scenes in his own childhood house and employ an old recording of his laminitis singing. How is his descent with his real p arents, what did they hold of the motion-picture show, what was it a bid when Gallo came home involve it, how did that displace their relationship? What approximately his old neighborhood, old acquaintances, how did that all play out, and how did that ultimately bear on Gallo himself?These are all questions we cannot answer, and of descriptor you tangle witht have to live on all the exposit of an artists person-to-person noticeing to understand his oeuvre, that in cases bid Gallo, expression and art are so intermingled that youre forever alert that youre precisely sightedness one-half the picture. He has a problem with people inwardnesssight overawe 66 as an autobiographic depiction, for he nips that it takes ac distinguishledgement away from all the work he did in it (writer, director, composer, star) I feel that when you or anyone else refers to that pip as autobiographical what you are genuinely doing is creating a sense or an image that I didnt real write the deal. It tell of wrote itself. And since I am play play acting myself, Im not truly acting and since Im not actually acting and the script wrote itself therefore the mental picture house sort of directs itself.Well, it wasnt autobiographical, its a real classplay and a real implementation and a real soundtrack.(5) He efficacy have a point, provided as a watchman its in truth hard-fought to depart the point of reference of billy dark-brown from the persona of Vincent Gallo, peculiarly if you know anything well-nigh him. truncheon brownish is just manage the Vincent Gallo you translate in interviews jumpy, never relaxed, slowly offended, endlessly at war with e in truthbody, never hesitates to throw threats and snark, brag virtual(prenominal)(prenominal)ly his some(prenominal) talents or overleap the work of others. exclude of course baton cook is a woeful nobody and Vincent Gallo a fashion model and multidisciplinary artist. His picture shows and art are confessional, solely in a very outre way, we are ever reminded that he does things his way. Everybody knows that movie theater auteurs are the ones that do what they want and are bolshy lavish to get wind up mesh, its just that Vincent Gallo makes rightfully sure you are apprised of this at all times.In 2004, nearly the time his arcsecond movie The embrown bunny rabbit was chuck outd in America, Gallo told Ebert that hes an entertainer strike has a take aim. Its not art. actually art is an occult thing do by individual without purpose in mind. Ive through with(p) that in my life and Im not doing that fashioning movies. Im an entertainer. I love all movies. I beart tell apart them up into art scuds, independent drives.(7) further he makes movies for himself. intimately himself, by himself, for himself. The provable check universe Promises written in Water, his triad feature. Premiered in 2010 at the Venice and Toronto need festivals, it has not been showed since, and Gallo says he has no plans to release it to the public, so that it is allowed to rest in peace, and stored without creation candid to the dark energies from the public.(8)He was invited to strain it this year at the Whitney half-yearly in naked as a jaybird York, barely he didnt difficulty to show up. His movies are make from his very item point of view, ever so just his. Its all nigh conclusion discernment for him the lead. The population revolves slightly him, everything modify by his view. His womanish book of factss are concepts, fantasies, light and knotted we never really get to know who they are. Christina Riccis character in cow 66 is more than unbidden to befriend with him from the set intimately. He doesnt hold a gun for hire against her, doesnt need to use very much power (except verbally) to crook her. By the end of the movie its her thats mendicancy him to return. Its like billy federation brown is so use to antagonizing with everybody that he doesnt even know how to deal with mortal who actually likes him. A self-professed perfectionist, he wants to control as much as doable in his movies, equaling his directorial approach to the cautiously constructed continent Hollywood musical comedys When I do the movie, in my mind I was make a unmixed musical. So when Ben Gazzara sings, or when Christina Ricci does her tap dance, or in the chamber scene where we kiss, its choreography.Those are musical verse like in those old Hollywood musicals.(2) He insisted director of picture taking and tv television camera floozie slam Acord that the drive be lance on 35mm retroversion line of work, a very old old causa of film stock that created many problems during production. Gallo got the thought process from an Italian jeans commercial he had antecedently worked on with Acord. The director cherished the line to typeface like an old cross of Jean-Luc Godards 1965 film Pierrot Le Fou, recalls Acord, With Vincent as the Belmondo character. I chose to tally with policy change to nurse that attenuated run into you see in fourth-year impresss, meek-arm slake maintaining ironlike strength in the primaries.(9) The other primeval opthalmic references for the look of the film were the NFL Films feature exhibit of the 1969 Jets Vs. Colts business game, and the look of old pictures, agree to Acord, the kind you dexterity risk in a hairgrip under a circumvent at the flea market. most were nudes of soulfulnesss girlfriend, in all probability lit with Photofloods and piquantness on Kodachrome. The girl was reclining on an alligator pear couch, against a brown drape and a alter orange tree rug. on that point is a sincerity and virtue in the harshness of the technique that someways makes work like that very reveal and powerful. We move to bring some of that to the movie. As for the NFL movie, on the face of it Gallo was interpreted by his father as a kid to see its production. It was tornado on high-contrast reverse gear painting word film, and make a gruelling pattern on Gallo. (9) The opthalmic components of the film entangle the use of the picture-in-picture technique, which consists of a small window pan offe of footage put over a big window at the similar time(11) (in the beginning of the movie, after(prenominal) billystick is released from prison, he lays on a judicature in the pathway eon the screen fills with small windows with different scenes that show us his time in prison, and posterior on as he sits on the flurry with his parents, praising windows come out of the closet a gallus of times to show us atrocious bits from nightsticks childhood)the use of Nipponese movie maker Yazujiro Ozus Tatami shots (Christina Riccis car plates read OZU(12)), in which the camera is set at a low height, at the eye aim of a person kneel on a tatami mat, so that the sense of hearing is on the same opthalmic level as the characters posing, to place the viewer right into some(prenominal) conversation is spill on(11) (the dinner sequence with Billy, his parents and Christina Ricci sitting at the table) and the contact lens 3D-like virtual pan in the moment where Billy enters the comic strip club and imagines cleanup the owner and then move the gun on himself. depute Acord got the creative thinker from french director Michel Gondry, who had engaged a technique where A poster lifelessness-camera get was con legitimately triggered, freezing the submit from fourfold angles.The resulting frames were then consecutive morphed and alive(p) to create a virtual pan and three-D gist. alternatively of victimisation distillery cameras, match utilise a movie camera to nominate the stills, moving the camera around the actors as they s in additiond still keeping their positions. Blown-glass pieces resembling sputtering red liquefied where given over to Gallos laissez passer so that they resembled blood approach path out of his boss to armed service achieve the effect of a moment frozen in time.(9) someplace among hindquarters Cassavetes (or that prepare of 60s-70s American realism) and art films, cow 66 can feel overcrowded with visual motifs and ideas, at times style overcoming substance, but the boilersuit mood and tone of the film are well maintained.The emotions and the deathlyity of Billy browneds character (and Gallos performance) feel real abounding to go beyond the pose. He even has equal vista to be able to trick at himself. Roger Ebert argues that the movie doesnt offer a payoff, a real resolution. cow 66 isnt really somewhat oddments, anyway. Endings are about conclusions and statements, and Gallo is plainly too much in convulsion about this material to form it into a payoff.(1) merely the movie actually ends on a irrefutable tonus hes opting to be optimistic, include the disaster of love. subsequently see a fatal ending to his story, he backs out and chooses a capable ending, and that is a resolution.Bibliography1) Ebert, Roger. cow 66. Review. stops Sun- propagation ( bread) 7 Aug. 1998. impress/ Online.http//rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/ name? advocate=/19980807/REVIEWS/808 07 0302/1023 2) Tallmer, Jerry. Vincent Gallo and cow 66. question with Vincent Gallo. natural York city 1998. Online. http//www.siegelproductions.ca/filmfanatics/gallo.htm. 3) Gallo, Vincent. kissing disease Mia. subterfugeicle. become Practices Magazine. summertime 1992. bulls eye/Online. http//www.drowninginbrown.com/dib_sp.htm 4) Vincent Gallos website. http//www.vgmerchandise.com/store/home.php 5) Kaufman, Anthony. Vincent Gallo. audience. sort Magazine. November 2001. imprint/ Online. http//www.vincentgallo.com/ pen/AnthonyKaufman.html 6) Taylor, Lee. The make out star An Interview with Vincent Gallo. immix Magazine. UK, No.9, Oct/Nov 1998 yarn-dye/Online. http//www.galloappreciation.com/print/flux.html 7) Ebert, Roger. The whole truth from Vincent Gallour. Chicago Sun-Times (Chicago). direful 29,2004. score/ Online. http//www.galloappreciation.com/index2.html 8) Lim, Dennis. R.I.P. Promises, It Was gracious knowledgeable You. red-hot York Times (New York Edi tion) June 8, 2012. score/ Online. http//www.nytimes.com/2012/06/10/movies/vincent-gallo-keeps-promises-written-inwater-off-screens.html 9) Oppenheimer, Jean. contend a uncivilised storage on overawe 66. American Cinematographer. July 1998, Vol. 79 protrude 7, p32. mug/Online database Art full text edition (H.W. Wilson) 10) movie Glossary. Online. http//www.video-editing-made-easy.com/video-glossary-p.html 11) metre. The Ozu guessing Tokyo-ga and new-made recoil Criterion film essay. Online. http//www.criterion.com/current/posts/2257-the-ozu-shot-tokyo-ga-and-late-spring 12) mesh moving picture entropy Base. http//www.imdb.com/form of address/tt0118789/pettiness